02-01-01-Present Simple

Situations where we use Present Simple

1) Expresses general truth or facts

The sun rises in the east

I work in a hospital

Sabu plays guitar

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2) Customary action, or something which is permanent.

I read the Bible every day

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3) Expresses frequency of an action

He never takes the scooter after the accident

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4) Stative Verbs - Thoughts, opinions, feelings, emotions, 5 senses

I love Pizza

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5) Schedules

Our work starts at 8:00 AM

 

6) Actions that are happening in the near future

I have a program at 5:00 PM

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Rule

• For subjects I, we, you, they just use the verb. Such as read, play, like, live, work, do, have

• For subjects he, she, it use the verb + s form such as reads, plays, likes, lives, works, does, has (Applies only for positive sentences)

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She lives here

I live here

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He is busy

He is not busy

Is he busy?

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They are busy

They are not busy

Are they busy?

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I do work on Saturdays

I don't work on Saturdays (Applies to you, we, they)

Do you work on Saturdays?

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She works in this office

She doesn't work in this office

​Does she work here? Yes, she does.

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It doesn't work, we need to replace it

Does it work?

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They work here

Do they work here?

 

Anoop does eat rice

Anoop doesn't eat rice

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You play well

You do not play well

 

Shiji enjoys music

I go to college at 10:00 AM

Venad Express leaves at 6:30 PM

Paul rarely takes his car to the office

Do you work here?

Where do you live?

How often do you work?

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02-02-01-Present Continuous/Present Progressive

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Actions that are happening now or at present

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Rule

• For subjects he, she, it, use the be verb is

• For subjects you, we, they use the be verb are

• For the subject I use am

• Add the ing form of the verb

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Situations where we use Present Continous

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1) Currently happening

Sabu is playing Guitar

I am learning English,

I am not learning English

Are you learning English?

They are learning English

Anoop is watching a video,

My computer is not working

The weather is nice, It is not raining now

We are having dinner now, can you please call me later?

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2) Actions that are in progress, you may not be doing that at present

You are preparing for the exam,

I am doing exercise on these days

I am not doing exercise on these days

Anoop and Rahul are working at a translation office,

Saritha is preparing for her dance competition 

Is Saritha preparing for her dance competition?

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3) Actions that are happening in the near future

Shiji and I are going to Cochin tomorrow,

They are going to write their exam in June,

Shiji is meeting her friends tomorrow.

They are not going to write their exam in June

Are they going to write their exam in June?​

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02-03-01-Present Perfect

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Rule

• Subject + have/has + Main Verb (Past Participle)

• For subjects I, you, we, they use the helping verb have

• For subjects he, she, it use the helping verb has

• Do not use present perfect for finished times such as yesterday, last month, etc.

• Can use for unfinished times such as today, this week, this month, etc.

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Situations where we use Present Perfect

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1) To talk about actions that are happened in the past and its time is not important or unknown

I have done my work

I have been to China (Not important when they happened)

I have completed the translation work

Someone has eaten my food

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2) To talk about actions that are started in the past and continue to the present

Sabu has played the guitar since 2018

They have been married for five years

I have lived here for three years

I have worked here since 2018

Anoop and Paul have known each other for ages

We haven't seen that film yet

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3)For something that happened in the past but is important at present

I have lost my keys (Still keys are missing)

Paul has gone to the office, you can come back in the evening

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4) To talk about actions that are happened in the recent past

I have just gone there

I have painted my home recently

I have just spoken to him

Sam has just seen his new manager

He has cleared the table just now

They have already finished it

George has recently been sick

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5)Actions repeated in an unspecified period between the past and now

I have seen that video several times 

Smitha has visited us frequently 

I have visited this place frequently

 

Negative forms

I have not been to the United States

It has not rained since last June

My classmates have not done any exams since last month

Tom has never eaten this food

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Questions

Has Anoop completed his work? - Yes, he has or No, he has not

Have they completed the work? - Yes, they have or No, they have not

Have you ever been there?

How long have you been married?

How long have you known each other?

What books have you read?

Who has Anoop talked to?

Has Smitha had dinner?

Has he bought a new phone?

Have you ever visited China?

Have you eaten enough?

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02-04-01-Present Perfect Continuous/Progressive

Used to connect past and present

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Rule

• Subject + have been/has been + Main Verb+ing

• For subjects I, you, we, they use the helping verb have been

• For subjects he, she, it use the helping verb has been

• Stative verbs are not be used

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Situations where we use Present Perfect Continuous

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1) To talk about actions that are happened in the past and still continues now

Sabu has been playing the guitar for the last 1 hour

I have been cooking breakfast

You have been studying English for sometime

Anoop has been learning Maths for sometime

He has been waiting here for five hours

Anoop and I have been working since 5 AM

Joyson has been practicing a lot 

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2) To talk about actions that are started in the past and it just finished now

I have been trying to call you for the past one hour

We have been waiting for you

I am tired because I have been studying all night

The road is wet because It has been raining 

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Questions

Have you been thinking to change your home?, Yes, I have or No I haven't

Have you been going to the hospital?

Has he been helping you? Yes he has or No he hasn't

Have you been learning to swim?

What have you been doing?

Why has he been feeling tired?

How has Anoop been doing?

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Negative

You haven't been studying

Shiji has not been studying lately

Joy has not been eating breakfast these days

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Stative Verbs (No Physical action involved)​

I have been loving him a lot (Incorrect usage)

I love him a lot

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He has been liking this food (Incorrect usage)

He has liked this food

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They have been understanding the secrete recipe (Incorrect usage)

They have understood the secrete recipe 

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02-04-02-Difference between Present Perfect and Present Perfect Continuous

 

1) Stative verbs are not be used with Present Perfect Continuous 

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I have known him for years

I have been knowing him for years (Wrong usage)

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2) No real differences in some verbs such as Study, Live, Work in both tenses

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I've lived in Kerala for three years

I've been living in Kerala for three years

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I've studied music since 2020

I've been studying music since 2020

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Paul has worked here for 1 year

Paul has been working here for 1 year

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3) Impossible to express how many and how much with Present Perfect continuous

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Smitha has eaten three pieces of Pizza this morning

Smith has been eating three pieces of Pizza this morning (Wrong usage)

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4) Present Perfect focuses on the completion of the action, whereas Present Perfect continuous often focuses on the action itself

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I have played the song 

I have been playing the song 

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5) Present Perfect continuous can be used to talk about situations that are not permanent.

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I have been sleeping badly

I have been getting up early for my Job